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How European Golden Visas Changed Since 2023

European golden visas have changed faster than at any point in their history. This guide sets out what shifted from 2023 onward and what to watch next.

Reference
Official authorityEuropean Commission and each member state's own immigration authority
Information current as ofJune 2026
Official source →

Information, not advice. Figures are indicative and current as of June 2026. Always confirm the present rules with the official program authority and a licensed professional before you act.

Written by Fredrik Filipsson and reviewed by Morten Andersen of the Passports for Kings editorial team. Last reviewed 11 June 2026.
Several European investor routes have closed or been restricted since 2023. Older figures and property routes may no longer apply, so verify the current position with the official authority of each country.

What changed since 2023

Pressure from the European Commission and the European Union anti money laundering package pushed member states to tighten or close investor routes. The clear direction is away from passive property windfalls and toward routes that are more transparent and that contribute to the local economy. Several countries acted, and the map looks very different from a few years ago.

Portugal, Spain and Ireland

Portugal removed property purchase as a qualifying route from October 2023, steering applicants toward approved funds, business creation and cultural or research contributions instead. Spain ended its golden visa to new applicants from April 2025, while existing holders kept their rights. Ireland closed its investor route back in February 2023. Transitional rules generally protect those already in the system, but new applicants cannot rely on the old terms.

Greece and tiered pricing

Greece kept its programme but introduced tiered pricing through 2024 reforms. High demand areas such as central Athens, Thessaloniki and major islands moved to a higher property threshold, while many other regions sit at a lower one. A limited lower entry point survives for specific categories such as certain conversions and listed heritage buildings that must be restored. Confirm the current bands with the Greek authority before acting.

What to watch

Expect more change, not less. The European Union continues to push for tougher due diligence, clearer ownership rules and the removal of routes seen as purely passive. Citizenship by investment in particular faces sustained scrutiny. Before you rely on any figure or route, check the current rules with the official authority of the specific country.

Common questions

Can I still buy property for a European golden visa?

Portugal removed the property route in 2023 and others have tightened. Some countries still allow property under conditions. Verify the current rule per country before acting.

Is the Spanish golden visa still open?

Spain ended its golden visa to new applicants in April 2025. Existing holders kept their rights, and applications already in process were handled under the prior rules.

Why are these programmes changing?

The European Union is pushing for stronger due diligence and transparency, and away from passive property routes. The trend is toward tighter rules across the bloc.

Information, not advice. Figures are indicative and current as of June 2026. Always confirm the present rules with the official program authority and a licensed professional before you act.

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Information, not advice. Figures are indicative and current as of June 2026. Always confirm the present rules with the official program authority and a licensed professional before you act.

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