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Spain legacy golden visa versus Malta citizenship by investment

This comparison is unusual because both routes are no longer open to new investor applicants. We publish it so the current position is clear rather than leaving an outdated impression.

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Reference
Official authorityCommunity Malta Agency, Malta; and the Spanish authorities
ProgrammeMalta Citizenship
Information current as ofJune 2026
Official source →

Information, not advice. Figures are indicative and current as of June 2026. Always confirm the present rules with the official program authority and a licensed professional before you act.

Written by Morten Andersen and reviewed by Fredrik Filipsson of the Passports for Kings editorial team. Last reviewed 19 June 2026.
This route is reported closed, paused or not currently available: Spain repealed its golden visa for new applicants on 3 April 2025. The European Court of Justice ruled on 29 April 2025 that Malta's citizenship by investment scheme breaches European Union law, and Malta has moved to a revised naturalisation framework. Neither offers an investment route a new applicant can act on today.. We publish this page so the position is clear. Do not rely on older figures.

At a glance

Spain ran a golden visa from 2013 that gave residence in return for investment, commonly a property purchase. It was repealed for new applicants on 3 April 2025.

Malta ran a citizenship by naturalisation for exceptional services by direct investment. On 29 April 2025 the European Court of Justice ruled the scheme incompatible with European Union law, and Malta amended its citizenship framework later that year. As an investor route, it is no longer open.

Cost

Because both routes are closed to new investor applicants, any figure from the past is historical and not something you can act on. We do not restate old minimums as if they were live, since doing so would be misleading.

If you are weighing what to do now, the useful question is not the old price of either route but which open programmes fit your goals. That is where a vetted advisor can help.

Timeline

There is no current processing timeline for new investor applicants on either route, because neither accepts them. Files lodged in Spain before the cut off are handled under the prior rules, and Malta's position is governed by the court ruling and the revised law.

Passport reach

Both Spain and Malta are European Union members, so their passports carry Union citizenship. The point of this page is that neither currently offers an investment route to reach that passport, so the comparison is about history and current status rather than a live choice.

What to do instead

If your aim was a European Union residence or citizenship through investment, other member states still run residence routes, and the rules continue to change. Rather than chase a closed programme, it is worth getting a current read on which open routes match your situation, budget and timeline.

ItemSpain (legacy golden visa)Malta citizenship by investment
Outcome it offeredResidence by investmentCitizenship by direct investment
Current statusClosed to new applicants on 3 April 2025Struck down by the EU court on 29 April 2025
Why it endedRepealed amid housing concernsRuled incompatible with EU law
Open to new investorsNoNo
AuthoritySpanish authoritiesCommunity Malta Agency

Figures are indicative and current as of June 2026. Community Malta Agency, Malta; and the Spanish authorities publishes the binding detail. Verify before you act.

Common questions

Can I still apply to either route?

No. Spain closed its golden visa to new applicants on 3 April 2025, and the European Court of Justice ruled Malta's citizenship by investment scheme unlawful on 29 April 2025. Neither accepts new investor applications.

Did Malta replace its scheme with anything?

Malta amended its citizenship framework in 2025 toward a model based on exceptional contribution rather than direct investment. The detail and eligibility are matters for the Maltese authority, so confirm the current position there.

What about applications already filed?

Spanish files lodged before the cut off are processed under the prior rules and existing holders may renew. Malta's pending matters are governed by the court ruling and the revised law. Confirm your own position with the relevant authority.

Information, not advice. Figures are indicative and current as of June 2026. Always confirm the present rules with the official program authority and a licensed professional before you act.

Get Matched

Want a steer on this?

This route is reported closed or paused. Do not rely on older figures. Get the current position, and the routes that are still open, before you commit time or money.

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Information, not advice. Figures are indicative and current as of June 2026. Always confirm the present rules with the official program authority and a licensed professional before you act.

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